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Benito Mussolini and several officials within his fascist government realized the potential benefits of controlling Italian-American organizations in the United States. If these groups could be consolidated and controlled under the leadership of the Fascist League of North America, Mussolini's officials calculated that they could be used to influence America's foreign policy and business interests. Between 1925 and 1927, Fascist Italy and operatives in the United States incorporated, reorganized and changed leadership to achieve their objectives.

Fascism Incorporates in the United States

From 1925 to 1927, the Fascist League of North America infiltrated nearly every aspect of Italian-American life and intimidated those who opposed them. In an effort to legitimate itself in the eyes of the American public the League incorporated itself under American law. Incorporated allowed the League to legally operate while not appearing as an overt foreign entity operating within the United States.

Fascists Reorganize and Recruit to Their Ranks

Officials in Rome appointed top-level leaders of the Fascist League of North America. The leadership swore dual allegiance between the United States and Fascist Italy. Members pledged to abide by the laws and institutions of the United States, while pledging unflinching loyalty to the Fascist Party and Mussolini.

The League underwent a period of centralization of leadership and organization from 1925 to 1927. Officials in Rome appointed a special commissioner to deal with legal issues and discipline within League ranks in the United States. The commissioner established a "court of discipline" in an effort to better control League members. The Fascist League of North America established the Giovinezza as its official fascist newspaper. To increase membership and instill a greater sense of Italian nationalism in Italian-American youth, the League inducted an average 1,200 young Italian-Americans each year into Fascist Italy's military.

Fascist Italy Changes Leadership in the United States

Mussolini wanted increased American investment in Italy. As part of the effort to achieve his objective, Mussolini replaced Giovanni DiSilvestro with Count Ignazio Thaon di Revel. Di Silvestro continued to play active roles in Italian-American fascist activities, but Revel had strong ties with major U.S. bankers.

Mussolini sought to resolve Italy's war debts and secure new loans from the United States. Prior to his appointment to lead the Fascist League of North America, Revel worked with the bond department at the American bank, Munds & Winslow, which handled loans for Italy.

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